MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM subsp. PARA TUBERCULOSIS is the etiological agent for Johne’s disease which is known as chronic disease in cattle and may attribute to Crohn’s disease in human. High prevalence of MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM subsp. PARA TUBERCULOSIS has been reported in dairy cattle worldwide. Recognition of infected animals is a major factor to control the spread of the organism. In this regard, detection of the bacterium in milk of clinically suspicious and apparently healthy cows is the best way to control the infection. Although isolation of MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM subsp. PARA TUBERCULOSIS by culture assay is considered as the gold standard, PCR method helps us to recognize the occurrence of slow-growing microorganisms in a short period of time with high sensitivity. In this survey, a total number of 160 cow milk was sampled and cream layer together with the pellet of each sample was tested by PCR and culture technique. Using Kappa statistics it was revealed an almost perfect agreement between culture and PCR assay with a product size of 400 bp; however, the agreement between culture and PCR with product size of 228 bp was found substantial. Results showed a substantial agreement between PCR with product sizes of 400 bp and 228 bp. Comparing the agreement between the two PCR approaches with culture assay as gold standard test, it was assumed that PCR could be a robust and rapid method to detect MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM subsp. PARA TUBERCULOSIS in milk. Consequently, PCR can be introduced as a screening test for detection of the bacterium in cow milk.

John’s disease, is an important disease in cattle which the causative agent is MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM subsp. PARATUBERCULOSIS. Economic losses, elimination of reactor cattle, high expenses of disease control and causing Crohn disease in human made the study of disease more important. Knowing the involved area, focal points of disease would be effective to prevent disease. There are several methods available to detect MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM subsp. PARATUBERCULOSIS including: culture of fecal samples, culture tissue samples from abattoir or serological testing. This study was conducted to detect MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM subsp. PARATUBERCULOSIS and regional distribution of Johne’s disease in Urmia. In this study, a total number of 400 cows between 6 months to 5 year of age were tested using culture of fecal samples. Samples were cultured on Middle brook medium and colonies were appeared after 8 weeks. According to morphological appearance of colonies, acid- fast staining, comparison of colony with reference strain and specificity of medium it was distinguished that the isolated bacterium is MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM subsp. PARATUBERCULOSIS. Out of 400 samples, culture results in 12% (n=48) were positive and others were negative.

Background: MYCOBACTERIUM bovine, as the etiology of bovine TB, involves human in some cases and with MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS are regarded as global health problems. The aim of this study was to extract and compare protein profile of these strains in order to achieve effective biomarkers for diagnosis and the vaccine components.Materials and methods: First, the clinical samples were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium by the N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide method and the biochemical tests and antibiotic susceptibility were used.Colonies were grown in the Middlebrook 7H9 medium and, upon harvesting the new colonies, secretory and membrane proteins were extracted by sonication and ammonium sulfate and alcohol precipitation. Concentration was determined by Bradford method and finally the comparison was made through one dimensional electrophoresis.Results: The major discrepancy between two strains of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and MYCOBACTERIUM bovis was 45 and 60 KDa bands as well as the zone between 14 and 45 KDa bands of secretory proteins, in the banding sePARAtion membrane proteins.Conclusion: Discrepancy in the protein bands of sensitive strains and MYCOBACTERIUM bovis seems to be used as an effective protein marker or even a biomarker in distinguishing the sensitive and bovis strains; also similarities can be used for immunization purposes.

Recent study is the first attempt to identify infected dairy cattle with MYCOBACTERIUM PARATUBERCULOSIS which is done with John in test and PCR method in Tonekabon.PARATUBERCULOSIS is a chronic intestinal infection in ruminants and spread in different ways to environment. Milk is important source of bacteria. Also, due to the possible relationship between Johne's disease and Crohn's disease in humans, presence of bacteria in milk can be an important index to assess the spread of infection in animal and human. In this study, at first, 90 dairy cattle were tested by John in test and result were as follow, 3 positive cases, 23 suspected cases and 62 negative cases. Then the samples examined using nested PCR, then two pairs of primers were used to increase of desired pieces of 194 bp were used. The prevalence results were different in three verify regions and showed desired ranges between 4.2 and 7.7%. As a result, tests revealed that Johnin test doesn't have an ability to identify suspected cases, then it is necessary to use PCR techinique to identify the exact animal patient.

Avian mycobacteriosis, caused by MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM AVIUM, presents a significant concern in both wild and domestic bird populations, including pet birds and poultry, with zoonotic potential. This article discusses the case of conjunctival mycobacteriosis in a cockatiel, a rare manifestation of the disease. A 5-year-old male cockatiel presented with a protuberance on its right lower eyelid, which upon biopsy revealed necrotic eosinophilic follicles surrounded by multinucleated giant cells and an inflammatory cell infiltrate. Ziehl-Neelsen staining confirmed the presence of acid-fast rod-shaped bacteria within phagocytic cells, indicative of MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM AVIUM infection. PCR assay targeting the rpoB gene further confirmed the species identification. Phylogenetic analysis showed high sequence similarity with human isolates. This case underscores the importance of considering mycobacteriosis in birds with granulomatous conjunctivitis and highlights the complexity of diagnosis, emphasizing the utility of histological examination alongside molecular techniques for accurate identification. Detection of mycobacterial infection in avian species is crucial both for veterinary and public health perspectives, given the zoonotic potential of these pathogens.

A 2-month–old female infant was referred to our center with disseminated lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomagaly. At birth, she was presented with fever and respiratory distress and underwent sepsis workup . Antibiotic therapy was initiated for her but the fever continued despite administration of broad spectrum antibiotics. Abdominal sonography was performed which revealed PARAaortic lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Biopsy of PARA-aortic lymph nodes showed necrotizing granulomatosis inflammation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) became positive for MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS complex. (MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS, bovis, AVIUM, and BCG). Her parents were evaluated for TB for which the results were negative. She had a history of BCG vaccination at birth….